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This is the voltage drop of the LED, its removing two volts from our circuit. Now measure across the LED and we should see around 2 volts. This is what the battery is providing to our circuit and it is also equal to the total voltage drop of the circuit. Measure across the two far ends of the circuit and we should see around 9 volts. Now remove the multimeter from the circuit and place the multimeter into the DC voltage mode.
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We can switch the position of the LED and resistor, it will work fine and give us the same current reading. We should see somewhere between 17 and 20 milliamps depending on which LED and resistor you’ve used. SO now with the 360 ohm resistor and the LED in series, we can connect our multimeter into the circuit, making sure to place the multimeter into the current reading mode. We can also connect them in parallel to compare the brightness. If we replaced the resistor with the high value 9.1 kilo-ohm resistor we see the LED is very dim. Notice that if we turn the LED around, we see that it blocks the current so it will not illuminate. I’m using a breadboard for this, which makes it very quick and easy to test electrical circuits, but you can also just twist the wires together, you can solder them or use some connectors and it’ll all work fine for this simple experiment.
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You can test the circuit yourself, take a RED LED, a 9V battery, a resistor of between 360 and 390 Ohm, another higher value resistor of between 3 kilo-Ohms and 9.1 kilo-ohms and a multimeter.Ĭonnect the low value resistor and the LED to the battery in series and the LED will turn iluminate. If we connect the LED the other way around it will simply block the current and the LED will not turn on. With the positive connected to the long lead, and the negative connected to the short lead. We need to remember that LEDs will only allow current to flow in one direction. The higher the resistor value used, the lower the current will be and so the dimmer the led will shine. The speed of the electrons remains constant, the number of electrons flowing is what changes. Most people incorrectly assume it acts like a speed bump and that the electrons must slowing down just before the resistor and then speeding up again. The resistor acts something like a traffic jam, reducing how many electrons can flow. The reason it can be installed on either side, is because the resistor is restricting how many electrons will flow in this simple series circuit.
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Although we traditionally install this on the positive side. The resistor can be placed on either side of the LED. For example, this one is over 150 degrees Celsius at just 12V with a current of 6milliamps, so we definitely do not want to touch this. The resistor will become hot and we can see that with a thermal imaging camera.
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The electrons are going to collide and this will generate heat. The resistor is going to make it harder for electrons to pass through. That’s what we’ll be covering in detail in this article. So how do we connect the LED’s, how do we reduce the current to keep the LED’s safe and how long will a battery power our circuit for. When we look at an LED being destroyed under a microscope, we can see the tiny wire exploding inside. The LED has a tiny wire inside, this can only handle a certain amount of current passing through it. But, if we exceed it’s voltage and current limit it will instantly be destroyed. If we pass a current through one, it produces light. These are LED’s, or light emitting diode. Scroll to the bottom to watch the YouTube tutorial.
#Evans designs model builder how to
How to calculate resistor size, how to protect LED, how long will a battery power a circuit, how to calculate resistor power rating, how to connect LED and much more.
#Evans designs model builder software
Evans Design’s Model Builder Software and LEDs - Software and LEDs for your hobby projects.LED Circuit Design. Marx Tinplate Trains - William Eric McFadden's comprehensive and informative guide. All Guage Model Railroading - An extensive resources for all scales and gauges. Antoinette Stockenberg's Home Page - A truly outstanding collection of vintage "putzes". Micro/Small Layouts for Model Railroads - Page after page of layouts, pictures and information. Family Christmas Online™ - A great family-oriented site. Read about other trains and villages for all seasons. Family Garden Trains™ - It's not just about large trains. Click on "Primer Articles" and scroll down. Big Indoor Trains™ - Includes several glitter house and Christmas village articles.
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Cardboard Christmas™ - A one-stop resource for "Putz" collectors, makers, restorers, and historians plus a family-friendly on-line forum and related links.
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